Ecologiya
Morya (Ecology of the Sea)
47 (1998)
The results of research of meiobenthos,
micro- and macroplankton from different biotops of the Black Sea
shelf with a various degree of anthropogenous load are presented;
the materials on biology and life cycles of fishes given on the
parasites and illnesses, including virus, marine hydrobionts are
considered. The significant attention is given to usage in
hydrobiological researches of modern methods, first of all
mathematical and microcalorimetric
This issue is timed to 80th anniversary of a National Academy of sciences of Ukraine.
For the ecologists, hydrobiologists, ichthiologists, parasitologists.
Zaika V.E. 80-th anniversary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 5-6
ECOSYSTEMS OF INSHORE ZONE
Guseva E.V., Alyomov S.V., Kirukhina L.N. Meiobenthos of Sevastopol bays under 1994-1997 7-12
Ignatyev S.M., Zuev G.V., Boltachev A.R.. Macroplancton of the Donuzlav estuary (the Black Sea) 13-17
Stepanova O.A., Pahorukova O.N. Moon phases influence on marine microplancton fractions. 23-24
LIFE HISTORIES AND BIOLOGY OF FISH
PARASITES AND DISEASES OF MARINE HYDROBIONTS
Gaevskaya A.V. Characters of formation of fish parasite fauna from the North-East Atlantic 39-43
Dmitrieva E.V. Genesis of the Black Sea monogenean fauna 44-48
Stepanova O.A. Viral diseases of marine mammals: a review 56-60
Stepanova O.A., Jilcova N.N. Two cases of viral infections of the Black Sea dolphins 60-62
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SEA POLLUTION AND SELF-CLEARING
MEDICINE OCEANOGRAPHY
Mironov O.G.The sea sanitary hydrobiology and the medical oceanography 75-78
METHODS OF HYDROBIOLOGICAL RESERCHES
Butakov J.A., Shatalova J.G. The comparable effectiveness of hydrobiotechnological constructions 79-83
Rudneva I.I., Shaida V.G. Microcalorimetry in hydrobiology: a review 96-99
CHRONICLE
Egorov V.N. Expedition investigations of the Institute of biology of the Southern Seas in 1998. 109-110
Summary
Zaika V.E. 80-th anniversary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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Guseva E.V., Alyomov S.V., Kirukhina L.N. Meiobenthos of Sevastopol bays under 1994-1997
Data on Sevastopol bays meiobenthos in 1994-1997 are presented. The changes of meiobenthos groups abundance on the different types of sediments and under various oil pollution levels are discussed.
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Ignatyev S.M., Zuev G.V., Boltachev A.R.. Macroplancton of the Donuzlav estuary (the Black Sea)
The description of the modern condition of Donuzlav-estuary macroplankton community is given. "Gelatinous" macroplankton is the basic element of this community. Macroplankton taxonomic and size structure and its spatial distribution have seasonal variability and are determined by specific hydrological characters. The biomass fluctuations are determined of Mnemiopsis leidyi and Aurelia aurita distribution.
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Petrov A.N. Near-shore water areas of the Crimea: working out of principles and criteria for creation of new protected areas upon development of municipal and recreation activities
A principal criteria and approaches necessary for working out a general strategy for preservation of near shore water areas were considered concerning to coastal zone of the Crimean peninsula. Characteristic peculiarities of such approaches have been discussed comparatively with existing principles of conservation for terrestrial natural objects. A list of new natural complexes (reserves) in near shore zone of the Crimea have been presented; necessity of their conservation was determined on the basis of offered methodological statements.
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Stepanova O.A., Pahorukova O.N. Moon phases influence on marine microplancton fractions.
The results of number determinations of three size microplankton fractions (0,45-0,2; 0,2-0,05 and 0,05-0,01 mcm) in different Moon phases showed that number of marine microorganisms increases in full Moon, decreases in intermediate phases and tends to minimum in new Moon. We suppose that the Moon phases mechanism could be explained by the influence of additional, reflected Moon, Sunlight, which is strenthed in periods of full Moon and decreased in new Moon.
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Butjukova Ju.E., Tkachenko N.K. Åffects of salinity on the embryonic development of Black Sea turbot Psetta maeotica (Pallas)
Eggs of the Black Sea turbot, Psetta maeotica (Pallas) were incubated at 10 different salinity conditions ranging from 9 to 26‰. Optimum salinity for normal development of Black Sea turbot embryos is 17-18‰. Incubation in 13‰ or less and above 25‰ water was lethal.
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Zuev G.V., Boltachev A.R..The life history characters of the haarder (Mugil so-iuy Basilewsky, 1855) at the Crimean western coast
In the first time the information about the haarder (Mugil so- iuy) along the Crimea western coast and the Donuzlav estuary is received. The main stages of its life history connected with the Donuzlav are investigated. The existence of the distinct population is discussed.
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Rudneva I.I.,Chesalina T.L.,Shaida V.G.,Shevchenko N.F. Morphology and energetic metabolism of the atherina (Atherina hepsetus L.) from different contaminative areas
Morphology of the Black Sea atherine larvae was studied for the aim of application of this fish species in the biological monitoring. Differences in larvae pigmentation from the regions of various contamintaion levels were showed. Comparative analysis of heat production in one-day larvae, caught in the areas with different contaminative levels, has showed the significant increase of heat production in larvae from the incontaminative area as compared with the highly pollutative region. It is a result of the energetic metabolism response on pollutant effect in fish larvae.
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Shaida V.G., Rudneva I.I., Chesalina T.L. Study of heat production of developmental eggs and larvae of Black Sea round sculpin Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas) (Gobiidae)
Dynamics of heat production of developmental eggs in stage VI, hatching process and larvae of Black Sea round sculpin Neogobius melanostomus was studied by microcalorimetry method. During hatching process heat production was increased and its maximum was detected in larvae (5.7 mW per mg). After 90 h the heat production was decreased in larvae and it dead as a result of yolk resorbtion. Data obtained agree with the morphological studies of fish eggs and larvae development in experimental conditions.
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Gaevskaya A.V. Characters of formation of fish parasite fauna from the North-East Atlantic
The influence of different historical factors - transgression and regression, glacials, salinity and temperature, dynamic of waters, relief of ocean bottom - on the ecological groups of fish parasites accordingly their distribution in separate regions of the North-East Atlantic is analysed. Share of concrete ecological group of parasites in the whole parasite fauna of region reflects the action of different historical factors. Thus, the correlation of ecological groups of parasites in the fauna of concrete region is its character reflecting the parasite fauna genesis. This method can be used for the analysis of fish parasite fauna from any marine basin.
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Dmitrieva E.V. Genesis of the Black Sea monogenean fauna
The possible ways of formation of the Black Sea monogenean fauna were analysed. 6 zoogeographical monogenea groups have been distinguished: cosmopolitan species (3), boreal-atlantic species (10), tropical-atlantic species (4), Mediterranean immigrants (9), Ponto-Caspian relicts (2) and Black Sea endemic (7). Five south palearctic seas were grouped into 3 clasters, namely the Mediterranean, Black Sea - Azov and Caspian, by the degree of similarity of their monogenean faunae.
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Machkevsky V.K., Pronkina N.V., Machkevsky R.V. The characters of distribution and circulation of trematode Parvatrema duboisi (Gymnophallidae) – dangerous parasite of mussels in the coastal biocenosises
The Parvatrema duboisi distribution at the Black Sea Ukranian coast was investigated. The arial of metacercaria hemipopulation was detail investigated at the Sevastopol. The ecological factors: host dispersion, depth, off shore distance, anthropic factor effect on the P.duboisi locality. The P.duboisi life cycles details and circulation ways in coastal biocenosises have been analysed.
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Rudneva I.I.,Solonchenko A.I. Activity of some antioxidant enzymes of cestode Bothriocephalus gregarius during its life cycle
Antioxidant enzyme system of cestode Botriocephalus gregarius was studied during its life cycle. The significant increase of main antioxidant activities such as SOD, catalase and glutathione reductase was detected (p<0.01) in mature individuals as compared with non - maturated. This fact is a result of metabolism induction, associated with the process of maturation.
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Stepanova O.A. Viral diseases of marine mammals: a review
Information about viral infections of marine mammals, contacting with arbo-, adeno-, entero-, rhabdo-,calici-, pox-, herpes-, retro--, paramyxo-, orthomyxo-, hepato- and other viruses, induced to pathological status of different disease level is presented. Morbillivirus infection in marine mammals, appeared in 1988 in Denmark coastal zone come to the Black Sea. Danger is realed for involving the Black Sea mammals into epizootia.
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Stepanova O.A., Jilcova N.N. Two cases of viral infections of the Black Sea dolphins
Serological and virological studies of 6 marine mammals in Sevastopol Bay revealed two positive results, testified of contacts of Black Sea dolphins with morbilliviruse infection and viruses of Hepatit C. It's the first information about involving of Black Sea dolphins Tursiops truncatus to epizootia of morbilliviruses infection. The etiological role of Hepatit C viruses in marine mammal pathology was determined for the first time.
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Stepanova O.A., Jilcova N.N., Podlesnaya V.V. Contamination of pathogenic viruses of the Sevastopol bays
Virusological and serological studies of marine organisms in coastal area of Sevastopol in 1994-1997 have shown the contamination by adeno-, entero-, rota- and reoviruses in Black Sea molluscs Mytilus galloprovincialis and bottom sediments. Approximatly 1/3 of examined molluscs communities were contaminated by viruses. Molluscs with size 25-45 mm were infected higher as compared to great and small-size individuals. Viruses were detected not only in soft tissue, but in mantia media of molluscs. On the base of literature data and our results it was proposed the evolution role in ecology of enteroviruses of marine environment in antropogenic contamination.
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Gubasarian L.A. Influence of ecological environment on composition and corrosion activity of biolayer
Qualitative and quantitative composition of biolayer, growing on steel 10ÕÑÍÄ plates in the sea and reservoir (tank) was studied. Periodical increase of heterotrophic bacteria quantity on steel plates in the sea and reservoir, coincidencing with short-term activity of corrosion process, was obtained. For steel plates, exposed in the sea and reservoir the differences in biolayer composition and in intensifity and character of corrosion process were determned.
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Smirnova L.L. On heat production of microorganisms primary film developed on various surfaces in the seawater
It is shown that the heat production by primary film of antropogenic (polymetacrilat) or natural (Mytilus galloprovinsialis) surfaces is connected with growth of the heterotrophic bacteria population and is changed from 0.18 to 14.6 mw/103 cells of heterotrophic bacteria. The structure-quantitative unsteadity and Cu2O as component of surface decrease the heat production and change its dynamic in experimental microcenoses.
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Mironov O.G.The sea sanitary hydrobiology and the medical oceanography
An attepmt to connect a results of sanitary-biological investigations with medical oceanography was made.
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Butakov J.A., Shatalova J.G. The comparable effectiveness of hydrobiotechnological constructions
The effectivness of five types hydrobiotechnological construction using for mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis mariculture is estimated. The length of effectively used substrate on square meter aquatoria is taken as optimality criteria.
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Gordienko A.P.,Erokhin V.E., Shaida V.G. Research of potential food stocks for mussels in the Kalamytsky Gulf
Method of bioluminescent determination of ATP by its reaction with luciferin-luciferase for evaluate cultivated mussels by food provision was used. This method permits to fulfil in short terms map-ping of surface waters of aquatorium, to get quantitative data on content of living organic matter, in-cluding this adsorbed on detrit and its distribution at different dimensional groups. On the basis of known ratios between ATP and carbon the trophic capacity of the aquatorium can be represented in energetic units (energy potential, cal×m -3). Recalculation of data obtained for surface water layer can be conducted with the help of corresponding coefficients.
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Egorov V.N., Erokhin V.E. Empiric model of kinetics of adaptive stability in macrophytes pigmental system under phenol intoxication
Adaptive stability of pigmental system of macrophytes in conditions of action of chemical toxic substances is studied. The method of black box has shown that kinetics of modification of chlorophyll "à" concentration in the marine green seaweed Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) in a medium with concentration of phenol from 0,1 up to 100 mg.l-1 is described by a model, containing differentiating and oscillatory links. The analysis of this model has shown that the action of phenol reduces a stock of adaptive stability and exactitude of maintaining of chlorophyll "à" concentration in seaweed at the physiologically necessary level.
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Rudneva I.I., Shaida V.G. Microcalorimetry in hydrobiology: a review
Review of microcalorimetry method application in hydrobiological reserches is given. Results of microcalorimetry investigations in ecotoxicology, microbiology, biochemistry, mariculture, developmental biology, marine chemistry are presented. Perspectives and abilities of this method and its application for aquatic ecosystems and their components evaluation are shown.
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Stepanova O.A., Shaida V.G. Microcalorimetrical characteristics of bacteria - bacteriophag interactions
Microcalorimetric studies of bacteria-bacteriophag interactions have showed the inhibition influence of litic phag infection on microorganism-sensitive metabolism. Level of inhibition depends upon the phages concentration. During long term studies of litic phage infection the support role of viruses in metabolism of bacteria-host cells was found. The microcalorimetric studies of interactions between marine microorganisms and bacteriophages showed that Black Sea viruses usually are presented by temperate bacteriophages, and the lisoresistent individuals are dominated among Black Sea bacterioplankton.
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Shaida V.G., Stepanova O.A., Rudneva I.I. The peculiarities of Biological Activity Monitor BAM 2277 (LKB, Sweden)
The ability of Biological Activity Monitor BAM 2277 (LKB, Sweden) application for microcalorimetric studies of marine organisms with the ampoule and flowing methods is discussed. The equipment of direct and back filtration for dynamic study in microcalorimetry of marine microplancton of different size fractions is described. Some technical improvements and equipment have been proposed which reveal to extend the abilities of Monitor application.
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Egorov V.N. Expedition investigations of the Institute of biology of the Southern Seas in 1998.
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