IBSS. Ecology of the Sea (Ecologiya Morya) 41

Contradictions between the aspiration of ecologists to comprehensive study of ecosystems and utilitarian approaches to nature of practicians and managers make researchers to search for compromises. It is usefull to discuss problems in terms of resources.

It is important to estimate the state of living resourscs by organism, population and biocenotic characteristics. Methods used for ecosystems of the Black Sea shelf are exemplified. Monitoring of the ecosystem state provides for a possibility of predictions.

Ecological prediction should be a component of the system one which necessarily includes socio-economical blocks. The methods of analogies, expert estimates, simulation contribute much to ecologo-economical prediction. Complex prediction should be made stage by stage because of the hierarchic character of the considered systems. Development of the prediction theory necessitates a social order.

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Shemskura B.E., Finenko Z.Z. Restoration of a Vertical Profile of Total Photosynthetically Active Radiation in the Sea by the Depth of White Disk Visibility

An algorithm for restoration of a vertical profile of total pholosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the sea by the depth of the white disc visibility or relative transparence (zb m) has been developed from experimental data obtained in different areas of the World ocean. Interrelation between the depths (Z10%, m), (z1%, m) where the total downward irradiance in the PAR range is 10°/o, 1% of its surface value, respectively and value z1% is considered preliminarily. The carried out correlational analysis has shown that: lg2in=0.188+0.930, lgzp for the number of points n-=149, correlation coefficient r=0.992 regression error Syx=0.075 and 0.74l<Z10%<77m, 0.60<Zb<61.5 m; lg.z1%=0.519

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[Benzhitsky A.G.], Gordienko A.P. Chemilurninescent Analysis of ATP in the Studies of Marine Microplankton

The paper presents a review of data from literature and those obtained by the authors on application of biolumiliescent analysis of ATP in the studies of marine microplankton. Proceeding from comprehensive data on the space-time structure of microplankton ATP in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Mediterranean Sea the divergence and convergence zones in dynamically active regions are specified, boundaries of the vortex formations are determined, upwellings and uplifts of waters over peaks of the linderwater mountains as well as the subsurface lenses of defreshened waters are found.

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Berseneva C.P., Kuffarkova E.A. Seasonal Dynamics of Basic Physiological Indices of Phytoplankton in the Coastal Deformed Ecosystems

The work embraces results of systematic two-year observations of variability of hydrobiological and hydrochemical indices in the coastal zone of Sevastopol in the region of domestic sewage outlet. It breaks a seasonal course of chlorophyll "a" concentration and increases its content in the vicinity of the pollution source, v/hich is a result of higher recreation load.

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Mikhailova T.V. Distribution of Macrozoobenthos on Lower Horizons of the Black Sea Shelf.

Data are presented on niacrozoobenthos distribution at the depths of 110-130m.The lower life boundary of macroforms in the Black Sea shelf is marked by the isobath of 130m.

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Mikhailova T.V. Structure of Tcrebellide-Ophiure Biocenosis in the Bosporus Region of the Black Sea

Structure of the bottom fauna of the shelf in the western part of the Bosporus region is studied. Tlie terebellide-ophiure biocenosis at the depth of 86 mis described in detail.

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Kiryakhina L.N. Humine Substance of the Botiorn Sediments of Sevastopol Bays

Bottom sediments subjected to constant pressing by allochthonous material possess higher content of humic acids (Ch.a. 1.83-2.75% wt), humines (Ciiuro.1.39-3.12°/o wl.), humified organic substance (humification degree 32.0-55.l°/o). Humine conipounds are accumulated parallel with bitumoid, lipids, hydrocarbons.

Element composition oi humine acids includes to 67.8% C, 10.4% H, 7.3% N, 15.5% O. Huminic acids have either aliphatic or alicyclic structure, low oxidization, prevalence of low-molacular compound and high hydrocarbon potential.

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Nevrova E.L. Diatomic Foulings of Macrophytes near Karadag (the Crirnta)

Diatoms populating macrophytes in the Karadag reservation water area were studied from the standpoint of their species and quantitative development in summer, 1986.

Average values of the number and biomass of diatomic foulings were obtained for 9 species of macrophytes in terms of I kg of wet weight of the thallom. Ratios of the bioniass of macrophytes and their diatomic foulings overgrowth are calculated. An approximate estimate of reserves is made for the whole Karadag water area: 35.61 of diatomic foulings of the bottom and 36.51 of diatomic foulings of two dominating associations (cystozeira and cystozeira-phyllophora). Data obtained are of interest for deiecting trophic conditions of hydrobionts dwelling.

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Shadrln N.V., Solokkina V.E. Dimensional and Sexual Structure of the Adult Part of Population of Pseudocalaniis minutus in the Avachinian Inlet (Kamchatka)

Results of annual observations of Pseudocalamis population are described. The population has two dimensional morphs: big and small ones. Change in the sexual structure of each form as well as in average length of males and females are traced. The population in the inlet has a spatial structure. Central and coastal parts differ in many population characteristics of Pseudocalaiius. Proceeding from the authors' own data and from those available in literature it is concluded that biomodality of size distribution of individuals is a nonspecific mechanism of the population adaptation to inhomogeneous environment.

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Kosikhina O.V. Study of Sagitta Nutrition in Tropical Seas

Many species of copepods and other animals served food for sagittas, but most spscies prefered Cyclopoida. Duration of the digestion pfrind depends on the digestion system structure and amounts to 1.3h in F.inflata and 2.5h in P.draco. Under natural conditions the ration of 3-5mm long sagitia may achieve 150, and in mature ones 12% of the body weight.

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Stolbov A.Ya. Energy Metabolism of Sprattus sprattus phale ricus Risho

Data on exygen demand values are obtained in Spratus spratus phalericlis Risso at low temperatures under experimental conditions using thermostating respirometer. It is established that the oxygen demand rate of sprat fingerlings and yearlings with body weight from 2 to 9g and at a temperature 8.5—9°C depends on the wet weight of the body. The regression equation which characterizes the levels and rates of the standard sprat metabolism at the mentioned temneraturcs is expressed by coefficients: Q=0.503 w0.873, at r=0.865.

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Korzun Yu.V. Finding of Loligo edulis Hoyle, 1885 in the South-Western Part of the Indian Ocean

Loligo edulis Hoyle, 1885, known before trom Japan and North Australia to the Red Sea was found in the south-western part oi the Indian Ocean on the Sofala shoal and the Boa-Pash shallow at the depth of 107-140 m.

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Bondarenko L.V., Aleycv M.Yu. The Swimming of Planctonic Larvae of Patiria pactinifera Starfish

The swimming of planctonic larvae of Patiria pectinifera starfish was studied by means of "Contact", the original rnicrocinematographic system. The quantitative correlation ol propulsive and rotatory movement of a larva was investigated and the velocity of propulsive movement was determined to equal 2.4 mrn/s.

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Cubasaryan L.A., Lebed A.A. Participation of Marine Microflora in Corrosion of Inner Metalis Surfaces of Closed Reservoirs

Closed metallic reservoirs with 2/3 their volume filled with marine water (one ot reservoirs is covered with an inhibiting coating based on petroleum products) have been used to show that the composition and development of the studied groups of microorganisms differ from microbiocenosis of the open water bodies. Variations of the values of sulphate-reducing and thionic microorganisms participating in corrosion processes are revealed. A total increase in the number of these groups of microorganisms is registered. A decrease in pH and redox potential of the medium intensifies corrosion of steel 10*CHD.

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Zolonitsky A.P., Monina O.B. Growth and Production of Japan Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Thunberg Acclimated in the Black Sea

The Japan oyster introduced to the Black Sea has been studied for its growth, production value and elimination in the population. It is shown that linear growth of this species is equally well described by the parabolic and Bertalanfi equations. Values of lotal and specific production and elimination of oysters in the process of two-year cultivation are presented.

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Chekatov V.P. Certain Results of Determination of the Number of Oil-Oxidizing Bacteria in Bottom Sediments of the Reservoir by a New Method

A new method applied to determine quantity of two forms of hydrocarhon-oxidizing nicroflora (active: AHM and potential: PHM) in the bottom sediments of the Zaporozilic reservoir has revealed spatial and time nonuniformity of their distribution. A sliare of AHM in the revervoir axix decreases downwards mainly due to the growth of the PHM number. Seasonal variations in the amount of the mentioned bacterial forms in the ground are inconsiderable. The quantilv of hetcrotrophic microflora is more variable during a year.

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