IBSS Most Important Scientific Results
1997
BRIEF REPORT
ON THE MOST IMPORTANT
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS ATTAINED AT
KOVALEVSKY INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERN SEAS,
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE IN 1997
SEVASTOPOL, 1997
The studies of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of biology of the southern seas, NASU, were focused in 1997 at ecosystems under ecologic crisis and at working out the recommendations on preservation of specific diversity of the Black and Azov seas flora and fauna.
The data base on the Black sea zoo- and phytoplankton for 1957-1995 has been created.
A connection between long period changes in zooplankton biomass and water temperature has been elucidated. Acartia tonsa crustacean, previously not marked in the Black sea, has been found in abundance. The model of copepoda individual growth has been worked out and Acartia clausi production and many-year changes have been calculated.
It was established that at the period of ctenophore mnemiopsis intensive press on zooplancton infusoria could be the main source of start food for fish larvae.
More wide range of bacterioplankton biomass season changes in the coastal salty lakes, shelf has been revealed (Kovalev A.V., Polikarpov I.G.).
Gathering and systematization of the data on structural-functional characteristics of ecosystem components in different regions of the Black sea have been conducted. Comparative analysis of the data testifies to still continuing degradation of ecosystem in different parts of the Black sea and separate regions of the Global ocean as well, including Antarctics, which is conditioned by anthropogenic and natural factors.
The evaluation of the rates of macrophytes phosphores and nitrogen exchange with environment in experimental and natural conditions has been done, structure of biogenic elements flows in the coastal ecosystem has been evaluated. Corresponding equations, showing an importance of the value of algae specific surface, of the rate of movement of surrounding water, of the concentration of biogenic elements in an environment and inside the plants for regulation of biogenic flows in the coastal ecosystem have been calculated.
It has been shown that phytosystems of different organizational levels and different biological compositions of living substance for a unit of their outer surface and density of carbon flow for a unit of the surface were also stabilized. The connection of water exchange and substances chemical exchange intensity with their geometrical volume, a value of specific surface, general concentration of organic matter has been described at natural objects of the same three organizational levels and at model biocosal objects of different size and form systems.
The differentiation of different plankton taxons investment into formation of bioluminescent fields in Atlantics and Mediterranean basin seas has been conducted. Gradual increase of zooplankton investment into creation of bioluminescent potential of photic layer along the Black sea - tropical Atlantics section has been shown (Samyshev E.Z.). The recommendations on minimization of possible damage to environmental biota and on ecologically grounded means of economic exploitation of the water-accumulating zone of the Chernaya river water reservoir and Chernaya river itself have been worked out.
The test parameters and test organisms of meiobenthic communities, which can be recommended for evaluation of marine environment, have been revealed.
Production of two cystozeira species has been measured by radiocarbon method. It has been stated that in summer period P/B in C. barbata was egual to 1,8, and in C. erimita - to 2,2.
Maximum rate of photosynthesis was observed in the given species at the age of 6 months.
It was stated that with an increase in content of polycyclic aromatic and volatile liquid hydrocarbons in Danube bottom grounds percentage of deviations of habitual indices in bivalve molluscs increases as well, which leads to an increase of respiration intensity and has common tendencies in taxonomically far groups of molluscs.
It was shown that an increase of copper content in biotop led to decrease of heat production in periphytonic communities developing on toxic substrates (corr.-member of NASU, Zaika V.E.).
The leading role of protein catabolism in adaptations of invertebra and fish to hydroxy has been shown. Intensive use of protein substrates in energetic exchange in marine animals facilitates their survival with low density of oxygen, effect of toxicants, stress and long moving activity. With this proteins were used in energetic exchange not only aerobically, but anaerobically as well (corr.-member of NASU Shulman G.E.).
We have marked (at an example of gobies) considerable deterioration of food base of the coastal fish species, to which testifies sharp shortening of their food spectrum (from 22 to 4-5 species) and increase of the share of larvae with empty stomachs (to 65 %). Negative influence of damping on specific composition and abandance of ichtyoplankton near the Crimean coast and in the north-western part of the sea has been stated. A considerable growth of a number of anomalies in development of reproductive system in females of red-mullet, horse-mackerel and scorpion fish near Sevastopol and Karadag has been marked, high general antioxydant activity of muscles, liver and gonades lipids in these species, testifying to extremely unfavorable conditions of theire habitation has been shown (Zuyev G.V.).
The data on changes of c: chl "a" correlation in 36 algae species from 7 taxonomic groups depending on light, temperature and conditions of mineral nutrition have been generalized. With equal conditions average meanings of relation increase in the row Chlorophyceae < Bacillariophyceae < Prochlorococcus < Prymnesiophyceae < Cyanophyceae < Dynophyceae. We have obtained an equation describing combined action of light and temperature on c: chl "a" correlation, from which it followed that with decrease of light flow density temperature effect on correlation change decreased. At different levels of light c: chl "a" in all studied algae increases linearly with a decrease of biogenic elements concentration in the medium. The use of this equation for c: chl "a" calculation in natural populations of phytoplankton has shown that in the upper mixed layer the value of correlation made 112,60 and 37 in olygo-, meso- and eutrophic waters correspondingly (Finenko Z.Z.).
The material has been gathered on specific composition and frequency of parasites in the occurancy in the most mass species of fish, molluscs and three shrimps species from the coastal biocenoses of the Black sea, for evaluation of the modern condition of parasites fauna in this water reservoir. The data permitting to characterize the main tendencies in changes of parasitological situation in the Black sea have been received. A possibility to use a number of parasites as bioindicators in environmental quality control has been shown (Gaevskaya A.V.).
According to the results of every year observations it was established that from 1986 to 1995 summary discharge of 90Sr into the Black sea with Dnieper and Danube rivers made correspondingly 90,2 and 24,5 Tbq, and 2,0 and 24,0 Tbq for 137Cs.
It was established that many-year dynamics of carbonates, organic carbon and nitrogen income into botton sediments of Danube estuary zone coincided with 5-10 year cycle of its river discharge. In the deep water region of the Black sea we marked 20- and 50-60-years cycles of biogenic elements deposing intensity, connected with corresponding many-year dynamics of air temperature over the Black sea aquatorium during the last century, which influenced phytoplankton development.
The content of PCB in water of the north-western part of the Black sea and Kalamitsky gulf made in 1995-1996 70-180 ng l-1. Practically in all samples alfa- and gamma-isomers of hexocyclohexane were registered. The content of alfa-HCH was in the limits of 0,6-110.0 ng l-1, gamma-HCH - 0,4-200 ng l-1. At many stations DDT and its decay products - DDE and DDD were marked. Totally in the region a lowering of PCB and chlororganic pesticides contents in water, if compared with previous years, was marked.
The conceptual model of chronical registered and possible action of ionizing radiations on living systems (mainly, on populations, biocenoses and biosphere) at the range of all existing capacities of radiation doses has been done (acad. NASU G.G.Polikarpov, V.N.Egorov).
Sanitary-biological survey of Sevastopol bays aquatoria and adjacent regions of the sea, which was final in 25-years period of ecological studies in this region has been conducted (Mironov O.G.).
The principles and approaches to quantitative evaluation of spatial characeristics of hydrobiotechnical constructions-substrate for macrophytes and molluscs, admissible flows of pollutious, and economic evaluation of damage to marine ecosystems and processes of their melioration have been worked out. New data on thermohaline structure of water, biogenic elements, dynamics of phytoplankton community and meroplankton in the coastal aquatoria, including these with intensive anthropogenic press have been received in natural and laboratory experiments.
The peculiarities of fouling cenosis formation on collectors have been revealed.
The modification of fat-acid composition in the system microalgae-copepoda-fish larvae has been shown, optimum number and correlation of biochemical composition of living feed under artificial growing of turbot larvae and mussels have been determined.
The character of heredity of colour signs, growth rate and mortality of mussels larvae have been determined by the method of hybridological analysis.
The inventarization of the herbarial fund of IBSS has been conducted, the cataloque of algae of the Black sea - about 2000 specimens in the coolectional herbarium has been prepared, the species of importance for environmental melioration and potential objects for mariculture have been chosen (N.Milchakova).
The preparing of computer determinators has been completed:
- on the Mediterranean sea fish families (12 families);
- on bivalve molluscs Bivalvia of the Black sea (76 species).
A new version of the cover for computer determinators for the works in Windows has been prepared. Short determinators have been prepared and published:
- on Gastropoda (83 species);
- on the Black sea fish larvae (70 species);
- on the Mediterranean sea fish families (120 species);
- on the Black and Adriatic seas crustaceans belonging to cirripeda (20 species) (Butakov E.A.).
NATO TU-BLACK SEA
PROJECT ECOSYSTEM MODELING AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR THE BLACK SEA
SYMPOSIUM ON SCIENTIFIC RESULTS(Crimea, 1997) - L.Ivanov & T.Oguz
(eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 1
Preface xi
Introduction xiii
Database and Database Management System of
the TU Black Sea Project.
V. Vladimirov,
S. Besiktepe, D. Aubrey 1-10
Physical, Chemical and Biological Data Sets
of the TU Black Sea Data Base: Description and Evaluation.
L.I. Ivanov,
S. Konovalov, V. Melnikov, A. Mikaelyan, O. Yunev, O. Basturk, V.
Belokopytov, S: Besiktepe, N. Bodeanu, A. Bologa, A. Cociasu, V.
Diakonu, L. Kamburska, A. Kideys, V. Mankovsky, S. Moncheva, N. Nezlin,
U. Niermann, A. Petranu, N. Shalovenkov, E. Shushkina, I. Salihoglu, L.
Senichkina, Z. Uysal, V. Vedernikov, V. Yakubenko, E. Yakushev, A.
Yilmaz 11-38
Effects of Circulation on the Spatial
Distribution of Principle Chemical Properties and Unexpected Short-and
Long-Term Changes in the Black Sea.
O. Basturk, S.
Tugrul, S. Konovalov, I. Salihoglu 39-54
A Comparative Study of Spectrophotometric and
Iodometric Back Titration Methods for Hydrogen Sulfide Determination in
Anoxic Black Sea Waters.
S. Gokmen,
A.S. Romanov, O. Basturk, S. Konovalov 55-64
Some Remarks on the Removal Rates of H2S
within the Suboxic Zone of the Black Sea.
S. Gokmen, O.
Basturk 65-77
Redox Nepheloid Layer of The Black Sea: Its
Location, Composition and Origin
A.G. Rozanov,
L.N. Neretin, I.I. Volkov 77-92
Peculiarities of Seasonal Variability of
Primary Production in the Black Sea.
L.V. Stelmakh,
O.A. Yunev, Z.Z. Finenko, V.I. Vedernikov, A.S. Bologa, T.Yu. Churilova
93-104
Unusual Temporal Variations in the Spatial
Distribution of Chlorophyll-A in the Black Sea During 1990-96.
A. Ylmaz, O.A.
Yunev, V.I. Vedernikov, S. Moncheva, A.S. Bologa, A. Cociasu, D. Ediger
105-120
Basic Characteristics of Biotic Nitrogen
Cycle in the Open Western Part of the Black Sea.
O.V. Krivenko,
Z.P. Burlakova, L.V Eremeeva 121-136
Seasonal and Interannual Variations of
Surface Chlorophyll Concentration in the Black Sea on CZCS Data.
N.P. Nezlin,
V.Yu. Dyakonov 137-150
Phytoplankton Patches Formed Along the
Southern Black Sea Coast in Spring and Summer 1996.
Z. Uysal, A.E.
Kideys, L. Senichkina, L. Georgieva, D. Altukhov, L. Kuzmenko, L.
Manjos, E. Mutlu, E. Eker 151-161
Production and Biomass of Acartia
clausi in the Black Sea During Summer Before and
After the Mnemiopsis Outburst
N.A.
Ostrovskaya, A.D. Gubanova, A.E. Kideys, V.V. Melnikov, U. Niermann,
E.V. Ostrovsky 163-170
Changes in Species Diversity and Abundance of
the Main Components of the Black Sea Pelagic Community During the Last
Decade.
T.A. Shiganova,A.E.
Kideys, A.G. Gucu, U. Niermann, V.S. Khoroshilov 171-188
Distribution of Eggs and Larvae of Anchovy
with Respect to Ambient Conditions in the Southern Black Sea During 1993
and 1996.
A.E. Kideys,
A.D. Gordina, U. Niermann, Z. Uysal, T.A. Shiganova, F. Bingel 189-198
Mediterranization of the Black Sea
Zooplankton is Continuing.
A.V. Kovalev,
S. Besiktepe, J. Zagorodnyaya, A.E. Kideys 199-208
Long-Term Changes in the Biomass and
Composition of Fodder Zooplankton in Coastal Regions of the Black Sea
During the Period 1957-1996.
A.V. Kovalev,
A.D. Gubanova, A.E. Kideys, V.V. Melnikov, U. Niermann, N.A.
Ostrovskaya, I.Yu. Prusova, V.A. Skryabin, Z. Uysal, J. Zagorodnyaya 209-220
Long-Term Changes in the Black Sea
Zooplankton: the Role of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors.
A.V. Kovalev,
U. Niermann, V.V. Melnikov, V. Belokopytov, Z.Uysal, A.E. Kideys,
M.Unsal, D. Altukhov 221-234
Changes in the Larval Nutrition of the Black
Sea Fishes with Respect to Plankton.
A.V. Tkach,
A.D. Gordina, U. Niermann, A.E. Kideys, V.E. Zaika 235-248
The Ecological and Physiological State of the
Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (Agassiz)
in the Black Sea in Autumn 1996.
B.E. Anninsky,
Z.A. Romanova, G.I. Abolmasova, A.C. Gucu, A.E. Kideys 249-262
A Biochemical Approach for the Estimation of
Food Provision for Heterotrophic Organisms of the Black Sea.
G.E. Shulman,
T.V. Yuneva, O.A. Yunev, L.S. Svetlichny, B.E. Anninsky, Z.A. Romanova,
E.G. Arashkevich, A.E. Kideys, F. Bingel, Z. Uysal, A. Y?lmaz 263-280
Black Sea Zooplankton Dynamics and
Variability off the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast During 1991-1995.
A. Konsulov,
L. Kamburska 281-292
Spatial Structure of the Black Sea Benthic
Communities: Influence of the Pelagic Processes.
V.E. Zaika
293-300
Changing
of the Benthic Communities in the Sevastopol Bay Estuary During the
Last Eighty Years.
N. Shalovenkov
301-310
Studies of Structural Parameters of
Planktonic Communities of the Open Part of the Black Sea Relevant to
Ecosystem Modeling.
E.A.
Shushkina, M.E. Vinogradov, L.P. Lebedeva, T. Oguz, N.P. Nezlin, V.Yu.
Dyakonov, L.L. Anokhina 311 -326
Vertical Distribution of Summer Phytoplankton
in the Western Black Sea During 1991-1995 with Respect to Some
Environmental Factors.
S. Moncheva,
G. Shtereva, A. Krastev, N. Bodeanu, A.E. Kideys, S. Bayrakdar 327-350
Physiological and Ecological Studies of Calanus
euxinus (Hulsemann) from the Black Sea with
Comments on its Life Cycle.
E.
Arashkevich, L. Svetlichny, E. Gubareva, S. Besiktepe, A.C. Gucu, A.E.
Kideys 351-366
State of Summer Ichthyoplankton in the Black
Sea.
A.D. Gordina,
U. Niermann, A.E. Kideys, A.A. Subbotin, Yu.G. Artyomov, F. Bingel
367-370
VOLUME 2
The Bosporus Strait: Exchange Fluxes,
Currents and Sea Level Changes.
E. Ozsoy, M.A.
Latif, S. Besiktepe, N. Cetin, M.C. Gregg, V. Belokopytov, Yu.
Goryachkin, V. Diakonu 1-28
Isotope Measurements in the Black Sea and the
Sea of Marmara.
D. Rank, E.
Ozsoy, I. Salihoglu, Z. Top 29-46
Long-Term Variability of Cold Intermediate
Layer Renewal Conditions in the Black Sea.
V. Belokopytov
47-52
Regional Peculiarities of Physical and
Chemical Responses to Changes in External Conditions within the Black
Sea Pycnocline: Cooling Phase.
L.I. Ivanov,
S. Konovalov, V. Belokopytov, E. Ozsoy 53-68
Circulation and Hydrographic Characteristics
of the Black Sea During July 1992.
T. Oguz, L.I.
Ivanov, S. Besiktepe 69-92
On the ADCP Derived Rim Current Structure,
CIW Formation and the Role of Mesoscale Eddies on the CIW Transport in
the Black Sea: Results from April 1993 Observations.
T. Oguz, S.
Besiktepe L.I. Ivanov, V. Diakonu 93-118
Western Black Sea Currents by the Ship
Measurements and Satellite Imagery.
Yu.P. Ilyin,
S. Besiktepe, V.A. Ivanov, H.I. Sur, E.M. Lemeshko, H. Gungor, E. Ozsoy 119-130
Experimental Studies of Eddy Structure within
the Rim Current Zone in the North-Eastern Part of the Black Sea.
V.G.
Krivosheya, F. Nyffeler, V.G. Yakubenko, I.M.Ovchinnikov, R.D. Kos'yan,
E.A. Kontar 131-144
Optical Properties of the Black Sea: Results
of the CoMSBlack & TU Black Sea Programs.
V.I.
Mankovsky, V.L. Vladimirov, M.V. Solov'ev, S. Besiktepe 145-162
Rossby Modes in Semi-Enclosed Basins. Their
Relevance to Dissipation and Mixing in the Black Sea.
N.H. Rachev,
E.V. Stanev 163-178
Model Study of the Seasonal Variability of
the Black Sea Circulation.
R.A. Ibrayev,
D.I. Trukhchev 179-196
Numerical Tracer Model of Surface and
Intermediate Water Formation in the Black Sea.
E.V. Stanev,
J.V. Staneva, I.G. Gospodinov 197-220
Processes of Ventilation of the Black Sea
Related to Water Exchange Through the Bosporus.
A.S.
Samodurov, L.I. Ivanov 221-236
Structural and Functional Analysis of
Planktonic Communities of the Black Sea
M.E.
Vinogradov, E.A. Shushkina, L.P. Lebedeva, N.P. Nezlin 237-256
Simulation of the Upper Layer Biochemical
Structure in the Black Sea.
T. Oguz, H.
Ducklow, E.A. Shushkina, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, S. Tugrul, L.P. Lebedeva 257-300
The Impact of Atmospheric Forcing and Water
Column Stratification on the Yearly Plankton Cycle
J.V. Staneva,
E.V. Stanev, T. Oguz 301-322
Comparative Analysis and Modelling for
Regional Ecosystems of the Black Sea.
T. Cokacar, E.
Ozsoy 323-258
Modeling Trophic Interrelationships in the
Black Sea.
A.C. Gucu, T.
Oguz 359-372
Mathematical Modelling of Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Sulfur and Manganese Cycling in the Black Sea.
E.V. Yakushev
373-384
Modeling of the Black Sea Anoxic Zone
Processes.
S.P.
Lyubartseva, V.G. Lyubartsev 385-394